Researchers noticed that ice sheet formation and related cooling coincided with when the isthmus was thought to have formed (as judged by fossil evidence), the 2008 review said.
Scientists also linked the closing of the isthmus with the timing of ancient global cooling. Such fossils were best dated by their location in rock layers, according to a 2008 review in the journal Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology.īefore the Isthmus of Panama existed, the ocean waters of the Atlantic and Pacific used to flow freely between North and South America. Scientists used primarily animal fossil data to establish GABI's timing, according to a 2010 study in the Ecography journal. Traditional dating of GABI also supported that estimate, according to a 2013 study in the Bulletin of Marine Science journal. Over the following decades, subsequent studies reaffirmed this timeline, according to the Science Advances report. That includes a 1978 study in the journal Geology that examined fossils from deep-sea cores it found that marine species became isolated on either side of the isthmus about 3 million years ago. The standard model originated from research in the 1970s, according to the Science Advances study. Meanwhile, the isthmus isolated formerly commingled ocean populations that then evolved independently. Present-day North American creatures like the Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginiana) and porcupines arose from South American migrants, while "ancestors of bears, cats, dogs, horses, llamas and raccoons" traveled the other way, according to the Earth Observatory. The resulting Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) was "a massive experiment in biological invasion," according to a 2020 study in the journal PNAS by Jaramillo and colleagues. The isthmus also provided a hugely consequential passage for living creatures from one continent to the other. (Image credit: Peter Hermes Furian / Alamy Stock Photo) Biological highway Zacto | Adam Hoag | Mr.The Panamanian land bridge formed when the Caribbean tectonic plate wedged between the North American and South American plates. Doctorpants | Coach Lynott | Daniel Miranda Rivero | Juan Carlos Chaviano | Octavio Murillo | Mrs. Gustavo Vidón | Lucy Vidón | Dulce Sotolongo | Ignacio Real | Gloria Torres | Vorágine Sal Vidón | Gabi Real | Yasmany Robles | Gladis Machado | Floramaria Vidón | Entropy-sweeper | FixGabi Sal & Gabi Break the Universe | Sal & Gabi Fix the Universe Sal & Gabi Fix the Universe Sal & Gabi Duology
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